This day in history: 22 march

1622 – Indian Massacre of Jamestown
Opechanacanough, the tribal chief of the Algonquian Indians, led a brutal attack on English settlers in Jamestown, Virginia. This massacre resulted in the deaths of approximately 347 colonists, marking a violent chapter in early American colonial history.
1765 – Stamp Act Passed
The British Parliament enacted the Stamp Act, imposing taxes on printed materials in the American colonies. This legislation was met with fierce resistance and contributed to the growing tensions that led to the American Revolution.
1790 – Thomas Jefferson Becomes First Secretary of State
Thomas Jefferson assumed the role of Secretary of State under President George Washington, beginning his influential political career that later led to his presidency.
1972 – Equal Rights Amendment Passed by Senate
The U.S. Senate passed the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), which aimed to prohibit gender-based discrimination. Although it gained initial support, it ultimately failed to be ratified by enough states.
2019 – Jimmy Carter Becomes Longest-Living U.S. President
Former President Jimmy Carter reached 94 years and 172 days, surpassing George H.W. Bush as the longest-living U.S. president in history.

1848 – Republic of San Marco Declared in Venice: During the “Springtime of Nations,” Venice rose against Austrian occupation and declared the independent Republic of San Marco under Daniele Manin. This revolution was part of a broader wave of uprisings across Europe that year. Although the republic was short-lived, it symbolized resistance to foreign domination.
1824 – Establishment of National Gallery in London: The British Parliament voted to purchase 38 paintings for £57,000, laying the foundation for the National Gallery in Trafalgar Square, London.
1808 – Battle of Zealand Point: During the Napoleonic Wars, British forces defeated the Danish navy at Zealand Point, Denmark.
1968 – Movement of 22 March: A French student movement at the University of Nanterre began on this day. It played a key role in sparking the May 1968 protests in France, which led to widespread social and political changes.

1784: The Emerald Buddha was moved to its current position in Wat Phra Kaew, Thailand, with a grand ceremony.
1913: Phan Xích Long, a mystic and self-proclaimed Emperor of Vietnam, was arrested for organizing a revolt against French colonial rule in Indochina.
1916: Yuan Shikai abdicated as Emperor of China, restoring the Republic of China and resuming the presidency.
1920: Azeri and Turkish soldiers, along with Kurdish groups, attacked Armenian inhabitants of Shushi in Nagorno-Karabakh.

1907: In South Africa, Mohandas Gandhi led a protest against new legislation requiring all Indian males to carry passbooks and register their fingerprints. This marked an important moment in the struggle for civil rights in the country.
1959: Patrice Lumumba, a prominent Congolese independence leader and later the first Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of Congo, delivered his famous speech titled “African Unity and National Independence” at the University of Ibadan in Nigeria. The speech emphasized the importance of unity and self-determination for African nations.
1991: In South Africa, authorities granted indemnity from prosecution to 2,605 individuals, including anti-apartheid activists and members of far-right groups. Among them were 1,819 members of Umkhonto we Sizwe, the armed wing of the African National Congress (ANC).