This day in history: 1 june

Europa

• Battle of the Glorious First of June (1794):
  On June 1, 1794, the first major naval engagement between Britain and France during the French Revolutionary Wars took place. Known as the “Glorious First of June,” this battle was fought in the Atlantic Ocean and marked a significant British victory over the French fleet.
• James Clark Ross Reaches the North Magnetic Pole (1831):
  On this day, British explorer James Clark Ross became the first European to reach the North Magnetic Pole, planting a British flag to mark the achievement.
• Prohibition in Finland (1919):
  June 1, 1919, saw the start of Prohibition in Finland, marking a significant social and legislative shift in the country.
• First Flight of the Focke-Wulf Fw 190 (1939):
  The German Focke-Wulf Fw 190 fighter aircraft, which would become one of the Luftwaffe’s most important planes during World War II, made its first flight on June 1, 1939.

America

• CNN Launches 24-Hour News (1980):
  Ted Turner’s Cable News Network (CNN) began broadcasting from Atlanta, becoming the first 24-hour news channel in the United States and changing the landscape of news media.
• General Motors Files for Bankruptcy (2009):
  General Motors, one of America’s largest automakers, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, marking one of the most significant corporate collapses in U.S. history.
• Conan O’Brien Hosts The Tonight Show (2009):
  Comedian Conan O’Brien debuted as host of NBC’s long-running “The Tonight Show” on this day.
• Helen Keller Dies (1968):
  Helen Keller, the renowned American author and activist who was both blind and deaf, died in Westport, Connecticut.
• Marilyn Monroe Born (1926):
  Iconic American actress and cultural figure Marilyn Monroe was born in Los Angeles.
• First U.S. Earthquake Recorded (1638):
  The first recorded earthquake in what would become the United States occurred in Plymouth, Massachusetts.
• Boston Port Act Enforced (1774):
  The British government closed the port of Boston as punishment for the Boston Tea Party, a key event leading up to the American Revolution.
• Kentucky Becomes 15th State (1792):
  Kentucky was admitted as the 15th state of the United States.
• Tennessee Becomes 16th State (1796):
  Tennessee was admitted as the 16th state of the United States.
• First Payphone in the U.S. (1880):
  The first payphone service began in the United States, marking a milestone in communication technology.
• Philadelphia Zoo Opens (1874):
  The Philadelphia Zoo, the first zoo in the United States, opened to the public.
• First Skirmish of the Civil War (1861):
  The first skirmish of the American Civil War occurred at Fairfax Court House, Virginia, resulting in the first Confederate officer killed in action.
• Slavery Abolished in U.S. Territories (1862):
  Slavery was abolished in all U.S. territories, a significant step toward nationwide abolition.
• Tulsa Race Massacre (1921):
  A devastating race riot erupted in Tulsa, Oklahoma, resulting in the deaths of at least 85 people and the destruction of the prosperous Black community of Greenwood.
• Heimlich Maneuver Published (1974):
  Dr. Henry Heimlich’s life-saving technique for choking victims was first published.

Asia

• 1215 – Mongol Capture of Zhongdu (Beijing):
  On June 1, 1215, the Mongol forces under Genghis Khan captured Zhongdu (now Beijing) from the Jurchen Jin dynasty. This event marked the end of the Battle of Zhongdu and was a pivotal moment in the Mongol conquest of northern China.
• 2003 – Three Gorges Dam Reservoir Filling Begins:
  On June 1, 2003, China began filling the reservoir behind the Three Gorges Dam, one of the largest and most controversial engineering projects in the world. The dam has had significant environmental, economic, and social impacts in China.
• 1945 – Sukarno Delivers Pancasila Speech in Indonesia:
  On this day, Indonesian nationalist leader Sukarno articulated the Pancasila—the Five Principles—which became the foundational philosophy of the independent Indonesian state. This speech played a crucial role in Indonesia’s path to independence from Dutch colonial rule.
• 2014 – Death of Yuri Kochiyama:
  Yuri Kochiyama, a prominent Japanese American civil rights activist, died on June 1, 2014. She was known for her tireless work in social justice and human rights movements in the United States and beyond.

Africa

• South Africa: ANC and SAIC Plan Defiance Campaign (1952):
  On June 1, 1952, the National Executive Committees of the African National Congress (ANC) and the South African Indian Congress (SAIC) met in Port Elizabeth to discuss the details of the Defiance Campaign against apartheid laws. This campaign became one of the largest nonviolent resistance movements in South African history.
• South Africa: Native Administration Amendment Act (1956):
  On June 1, 1956, the South African government passed the Native Administration Amendment Act No. 42, which gave authorities the power to banish and exile Africans, further entrenching apartheid policies.