This day in history: 19 march

Tolpuddle Martyrs Sentenced (1834):
Six farm laborers from Tolpuddle, Dorset, England, were sentenced to seven years of transportation to Australia for forming a trade union. This case became a pivotal moment in the history of labor rights and unionism in the UK.
First International Women’s Day Observed (1911):
Over one million people in several European countries participated in the first International Women’s Day, initiated by German socialists Clara Zetkin and Luise Zietz.
Adolf Hitler’s Nero Decree (1945):
Hitler issued the Nero Decree, ordering the destruction of all industries and infrastructure in Germany to prevent their use by Allied forces during World War II. However, the decree was never fully executed.
Mount Vesuvius Eruption (1944):
The volcano erupted in Italy, causing significant damage to nearby towns and villages during World War II.
Ethnic Clashes in Târgu Mureș (1990):
Ethnic violence erupted in Romania between Hungarians and Romanians, highlighting tensions that followed the fall of communism.
Falklands War Prelude (1982):
Argentinian forces landed on South Georgia Island, escalating tensions that led to war with the United Kingdom.

Iraq War Begins (2003):
President George W. Bush announced the start of the Iraq War with airstrikes on Baghdad, aiming to remove Saddam Hussein from power under the belief he possessed weapons of mass destruction. This marked the beginning of a controversial conflict.
Nevada Legalizes Gambling (1931):
Governor Fred B. Balzar signed legislation legalizing gambling in Nevada, transforming the state into a global hub for casinos and entertainment.
Daylight Saving Time Introduced (1918):
The U.S. Congress approved the establishment of time zones and implemented daylight saving time to conserve energy during World War I.
First Academy Awards Telecast (1953):
The 25th Academy Awards ceremony became the first to be broadcast on television, with The Greatest Show on Earth winning Best Picture.
Battle of Bentonville (1865):
During the Civil War, Confederate forces retreated after losing to Union troops in North Carolina, marking one of their last major battles.
Discovery of SS Georgiana Wreck (1965):
Archaeologist E. Lee Spence uncovered the remains of the SS Georgiana, a Confederate blockade runner sunk during the Civil War exactly 102 years earlier.

Taiping Rebellion Captures Nanking (1853):
During the Taiping Rebellion in China, rebels captured Nanking and renamed it T’en-ching (Heavenly Capital), marking a significant moment in their uprising against the Qing Dynasty.
March First Movement Protests Spread Across Korea (1919):
By March 19, protests against Japanese colonial rule had spread to all thirteen provinces of Korea as part of the March First Movement. This peaceful resistance was violently suppressed, resulting in thousands of deaths and arrests. The movement is remembered as a pivotal moment in Korean history and the independence movement.
Ariana Afghan Airlines Crash (1998):
An Ariana Afghan Airlines Boeing 727 crashed on approach to Kabul International Airport, killing all 45 people on board.
COVID-19 Milestones (2020):
On this day, China reported no new domestic COVID-19 cases for the first time since the pandemic began, marking a significant milestone in its fight against the virus.
Kazakhstan Leadership Transition (2019):
Nursultan Nazarbayev, the first President of Kazakhstan, resigned after nearly three decades in office, leaving Kassym-Jomart Tokayev as his successor.

Makhaya Ntini’s Historic Cricket Debut (1998):
Makhaya Ntini became the first Black South African cricketer to play in a Test match, breaking racial barriers in the sport in post-apartheid South Africa.
Central African Republic Civil War Incident (2023):
Nine Chinese nationals were killed, and two others injured, when suspected rebels stormed the Chimbolo gold mine in Ouaka, Central African Republic. This attack highlighted ongoing instability and violence in the region.
Thomas Thornton’s Flight in South Africa (1910):
Thomas Thornton became South Africa’s first air passenger, paying for a flight with Albert Kimmerling. On the same day, Julia Stansfield became the first female passenger, marking milestones in aviation history.